Cold+War+Big+Picture



It's a big topic - so let's try to get it down to the bare essentials. Cut and paste this page into a new page on your Unit 8 notebook and use it as the beginning of a new set of notes on the early years of the Cold War.


 * AN ILLUSTRATED DEFINTION OF THE COLD WAR **

Insert your illustrated and annotated PowerPoint slide here


 * Major events, ideas, topics, and people - from class, __Creating America,__ and ABC-CLIO **

Result of Yalta Permanent Members: U.S., England, France, Soviet Union, China || "An iron curtain has descended" which splits the continent of Europe. Communism and Democracy Containment is developed Stop communism from spreading Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan: stop spread of red Whether we like it or not, we are in a position of great responsibility. || || The **Truman Doctrine** is a set of principles of U.S. foreign policy declared by President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947 in which Truman declared that as leader of the "free world" the United States must support freedom-loving peoples wherever communism threatened them. The approach was conceived with the help of George Marshall and Dean Acheson, two influential associates of Truman, which generalized his hopes for Greece and Turkey into a doctrine applicable throughout the world. The Soviet Union was clearly at the heart of Truman's thoughts, but it was never directly mentioned in his speech. As Truman was attempting to solve Eastern Europe's instability while making sure the spread of communism would not affect nations like Greece and Turkey. || The **Marshall Plan** (from its enactment, officially the **European Recovery Program**, //ERP//) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger foundation for the countries of Western Europe, and repelling communism after World War II. The initiative was named for Secretary of State George Marshall and was largely the creation of State Department officials, especially William L. Clayton and George F. Kennan. George Marshall spoke of the administration's desire to help European recovery in his address at Harvard University in June 1947. The reconstruction plan, developed at a meeting of the participating European states, was established on June 5, 1947. It offered the same aid to the USSR and its allies, but they did not accept it. The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1948. During that period some USD 13 billion in economic and technical assistance were given to help the recovery of the European countries that had joined in the Organization for European Economic Co-operation. By the time the plan had come to completion, the economy of every participant state, with the exception of Germany, had grown well past pre-war levels. Over the next two decades, many regions of Western Europe would enjoy unprecedented growth and prosperity. The Marshall Plan has also long been seen as one of the first elements of European integration, as it erased tariff trade barriers and set up institutions to coordinate the economy on a continental level. || || On 24 June 1948, LeMay appointed Brigadier General Joseph Smith, commander of the Wiesbaden Military Post, as the Task Force Commander of the airlift. On 25 June 1948, Clay gave the order to launch Operation Vittles. The next day thirty-two C-47s lifted off for Berlin hauling 80 tons of cargo including milk, flour, and medicine. The first British aircraft flew on 28 June. At that time, the airlift was expected to last three weeks. By July 1 the system was starting to come into action. C-54s were starting to arrive in quantity, and the Rhein-Main Air Base was made exclusive C-54 depot, while Wiesbaden retained a mix of C-54s and C-47s. Aircraft flew east-northeast into Tempelhof Airport on one of the three air corridors, then returned due west flying out on a second. After reaching the British Zone, they turned south to return to their bases. || The **North Atlantic Treaty Organization,** also called "the (North) Atlantic Alliance", is a military alliance established by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949. The NATO headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, and the organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. || || Mao led the Communist Party of China (CPC) to victory against the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War, and was the leader of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. He is officially held in high regard in China where he is known as a great revolutionary, political strategist, and military mastermind who defeated Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in the Chinese Civil War, and then through his policies transformed the country into a major world power. || No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** || || The term specifically describes activities associated with the period in the United States known as the Second Red Scare, lasting roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s and characterized by heightened fears of Communist influence on American institutions and espionage by Soviet agents. Originally coined to criticize the anti-communist pursuits of U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy, "McCarthyism" soon took on a broader meaning, describing the excesses of similar efforts. The term is also now used more generally to describe reckless, unsubstantiated accusations, as well as demagogic attacks on the character or patriotism of political adversaries. || On July 29, 1955 Sputnik is launched. Yuri Gagarin becomes first human in space on April 12, 1961. Alan Shepperd became the first American in space twenty three days later, as John Glenn became the first AMerican to orbit earth on February 20th, 1962. Soon after, the American Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo missions took place to mak eup th ebulk of the space race. ||  ||
 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed || [[image:turningpoints09:yalta.jpg width="275" height="216" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints09:un.gif width="298" height="211" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * **CONTAINMENT**
 * [[image:turningpoints09:truman.jpg width="300" height="221" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN**
 * [[image:turningpoints09:airlift.jpg width="289" height="194" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN AIRLIFT**
 * **NATO**
 * [[image:turningpoints09:PRCFounding.jpg caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] || **COMMUNISM IN CHINA**
 * Mao Zedong (Tse-tung)** was a Chinese Communist leader.
 * Chairman Mao** has been regarded as one of the most important figures in modern world history, and named by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
 * **THE KOREAN WAR
 * [[image:turningpoints09:180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg caption="180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg"]] || **MCCARTHYISM**
 * McCarthyism** is the politically motivated practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence.
 * **THE SPACE RACE**