Brown+vs.+Board

//BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION//
 * What would break the back of Jim Crow America? What role did education play in the movement to desegregate America?**

**Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||=   || From "Topeka, Kansas: Segregation in the Heartland" from the web site Segregation is not Equal by the Smithsonian National Museum of American History: It was called the Brown v. Board of Education Legal Case Summary. It was located in Topeka, Kansas. The offense was segregated elementary schools, and the harmful psychological effects of segregation on African American children. The different plaintiffs were Oliver Brown and 13 other parents from Topeka. The decision was a three-judge federal court ruled against the plaintiffs. The plaintiffs’ appeal reached the U.S. Supreme Court.
 * BASIC FACTS OF THE CASES (more than one) (check video, [|Link 1], [|Link 2], [|Link 3])**

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From "Brown vs. Board of Education: About the Case" from Brown vs. Board.org by  //Brown// Foundation for Educational Equity, Excellence and Research: ====== "By declaring that the discriminatory nature of racial segregation ... "violates the 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws," //Brown v. Board of Education// laid the foundation for shaping future national and international policies regarding human rights." //Brown v. Board of Education// was not only about children and education. The laws hit down by this court case decision were due to people's tendencies to prejudge, discriminate against, and stereotype other people by their ethnic, religious, physical, or cultural characteristics. Making this stop as a legal job caused far reaching social and ideological implications, which we feel today. The //Brown// decision inspired human rights struggles all over the country and places around the world. What this challenge represents is at the center of United States history and the freedoms we like. The U.S. Supreme Court decision in //Brown// started a critical chapter in the growing of our democratic government. It reassured the power of the people of the United States in the safe-keeping of their regular rights from limits shown by state and local governments. These rights are recognized in the Declaration of Independence and guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. **MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF (for integration) (check [|Link 1])** The plaintiffs said that the Supreme Court had misinterpreted the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Equal protection of the laws did not allow for racial segregation. They also said the Fourteenth Amendment allowed the government to prohibit any discriminatory state action based on race, including segregation in public schools. Plus, he Fourteenth Amendment did not specify whether the states would be allowed to establish segregated education. And finally, psychological testing demonstrated the harmful effects of segregation on the minds of African American children. They said that the Constitution did not require white and African American children to attend the same schools, social separation of blacks and whites was a regional custom; the states should be left free to regulate their own social affairs, segregation was not harmful to black people, and Whites were making a good faith effort to equalize the two educational systems. But because black children were still living with the effects of slavery, it would take some time before they were able to compete with white children in the same classroom. In September, 1953 Fred Vinson died, and President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren as chief justice. First off, in Warren's eyes, he thought the seperate but equal thing was about trabsportation and not education. He also believed that education was what was making the nation go around. He thought that having segregated schools was preventing African American children from being protected by the Fourteenth Amendmant. **ENFORCING THE DECISION (discuss "with all deliberate speed) (Check [|Link 1] ****)**   They enforced it with "all deliberate speed." This vagueness of enforcement gave people the oppertunity to organize resistance against it. There was some trouble enforcing it, even though there were a lot of white people enforcing the decision. Many people opposed and picketed against the decision.  There were two forces colliding on this battlefield: those that supported and those that disagreed. This turned from education to a broader scale of civil rights movement. This is one of the founding fathers of civil rights and civil rights movements. This was the fuse to the gun powder keg and it was lit. There will be a big kaboom and it will hurt.
 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS (for segregation) (check [|Link 1])**
 * THE CHANGE IN THE COURT (leading to a decision) (check** [|**Link 1**]**)**
 * THE COURT DECISION (in your own words) (check** [|**Link 1**] **and Link 2)**
 * THE IMPACT and LEGACY** **(Check** [|**Link 1**]**)**